Epidemiology Course Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Epidemiology - ANSWER-the systematic study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations and the application of this study to control health problems (study as aggregate subject) determinants - ANSWER-The range of behavioral, biological, socio-economic and environmental factors that influence the health status of individuals or populations disease frequency - ANSWER-% of population w/ outcome and characteristics of those w outcome i.e. incidence, preval...

What is epidemiology? A. The study of epidemics or infectious diseases in populations B. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events and the application of this study to control of health problems C. The study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence or determine this distribution D. The study of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous conditions - ANSWER-B What are the objectives of epidemiology? A. Study the natural histo...

geographic population - ANSWER-number of people who live in the same geographic location politic population - ANSWER-number of people from same ethnic background statistical population - ANSWER-a population that includes all the same units from the sample drawn health - ANSWER-not just the absence of disease, but overall mental, physical, and spiritual health population health - ANSWER-conceptual framework considering why some are healthier than others and the policy document, resear...

1. Examine existing facts 2. Generate new hypotheses 3. Test hypotheses 4. Conclude: generate new facts - ANSWER-What are the steps to the epidemiologic approach? Epidemiological hypothesis - ANSWER-A testable statement of putative relationship between exposure/s vs outcome/s Epidemiological hypothesis - ANSWER-A possible explanation about the determinants of health and disease Variable x - ANSWER-Independent variable Variable x - ANSWER-Exposure variable Variable x - ANSWER-Th...

What are the two types of epidemiological studies? - ANSWER-1. Descriptive 2. Analytical What are two types of descriptive epidemiological studies? - ANSWER-1. Case report 2. Ecological/Correlational What are the two main categories of analytical epidemiological studies? - ANSWER-1. Experimental 2. Observational What is descriptive epidemiology? - ANSWER-Study of the amount and distribution of disease within a population by person, place, and time. What does descriptive epi. provi...

Etiology - ANSWER-the science of causes, causality Multifactorial etiology - ANSWER-a combination of causes may be required to produce the effect etiology Acute - ANSWER-a health effect from a brief exposure of high intensity Chronic - ANSWER-a health-related state for a lasting time Morbidity - ANSWER-a departure from a state of well-being, sickness/illness Mortality - ANSWER-related to death Endemic disease - ANSWER-constant presence of a disease or infectious agent within ge...

Epidemiology - ANSWER-The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. Epidemic - ANSWER-The occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. Endemic - ANSWER-prevalent in or limited to a particular locality, region, or people. Native to or limited to a certain region. Epidem...

Cohort (Follow-Up) Studies consists of what two types of studies - ANSWER-Prospective and Retrospective (Historical) Studies Cohort Studies - ANSWER-Start With Exposed Group followed over a long period of time to determine disease status Calculating the incidents rate Prospective Cohort Studies - ANSWER-Starts with present and collects into the future Follow-up over long periods of time to see how disease has developed Retrospective Cohort Studies - ANSWER-Data has already been collec...

Who evaluated the Bills of Mortality to understand trends in causes of death in London. - ANSWER-John Graunt. Graunt is widely credited as one of the first demographers who used the Bills of Mortality in London to identify variations in death according to sex, residence, season and age. Considered to be the first true epidemiologist who explained disease on a rational basis. - ANSWER-Hippocrates Conducted a famous study of a large outbreak of cholera in London in 1854. He is credited with ...

D - ANSWER-Which of the following is not involved in the WHO definition of HEALTH? a) Physical and mental well being b) Social and mental well being c) Social and physical well being d) All of the above are involved D - ANSWER-Which of the following is an objective of Epidemiology? a) Identify the frequency of the disease b) Identify the population of the disease c) Identify the etiology of the disease d) All of the above C - ANSWER-Who is credited with founding epidemiology as a r...