Bio 221 Study guides, Class notes & Summaries
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MMBIO 221 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions!!
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Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent - Answer-Edward Jenner 
Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host - Answer-Paul Ehrlich 
Discovered penicillin - Answer-Alexander Fleming 
Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol - Answer-Joseph Lister 
Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) - Answer-John Snow 
Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing 
prevented streptococcal infections in obstetric patients - Answer-Ignaz Sem...
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MMBio 221 Final Exam Guide Questions with Correct Answers Graded A 2024
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Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 
 
Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children and 20-50% of adults, cord fact...
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MMBio 221 Final Exam Questions With 100% Verified Answers!!
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Virulence: mycolic acid in cell wall causes slow growth, protection from lysis once bacteria are 
phagocytized, capacity for intracellular growth, resistance to Gram-staining, detergents, many 
antimicrobial drugs, and dessication - Answer-Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 
Unique properties: grows very slowly, can live within macrophages, tuberculin skin test--positive when 
red swelling appears, BCG vaccine is used in countries w/ lots of TB cases, effective on 80% of children 
and 20-50% of adults, ...
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MMBIO 221 Final
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An acid-fast pathogen; over one-third of the world's population is infected; caseous necrosis is a hallmark of disease; MDR, XDR, BCG, and DOTS apply to this organism. 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
 
The most common cause of non-nosocomial urinary tract infections, usually in women; also the cause of the life-threatening disease known as hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
Escherichia coli 
 
Brainpower 
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Causes a life-threatening disease in individuals experiencing crowded and stressful livin...
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MMBIO 221 Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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Developed smallpox immunization using cowpox agent Correct Answer-Edward Jenner 
 
Sought a "magic bullet" to destroy pathogens & not host Correct Answer-Paul Ehrlich 
 
Discovered penicillin Correct Answer-Alexander Fleming 
 
Pioneered aseptic surgery, Prevented surgical infections by using mists of phenol Correct Answer-Joseph Lister 
 
Father of Epidemiology (Cholera in London) Correct Answer-John Snow 
 
Pioneered asepsis by discovering that hand washing 
prevented streptococcal infection...
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MMBIO 221 Exam 1 (Ch 1-6) Questions with Complete Solutions
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Carolus Linnaeus Correct Answer-system for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together 
 
Carl Woese Correct Answer-o 3 Domains: Eukaryotes, Bacteria, Archaea 
o started sequencing rRNA, saw that 16S RNA has to be highly conserved, found that there are 3 domains of life 
o the phylogenetic tree is based on Woese's rRNA analysis 
 
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Correct Answer-o made and looked through microscopes 
o Father of Microscopy 
 
Aristotle Correct Answer-spontaneous gene...
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MMBIO 221 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024
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Who is the father of microscopy? 
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 
Lamp: 
produces visible light to illuminate the specimen 
Condenser: 
collects light and directs it through the stage opening (converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point) 
Iris diaphragm: 
regulates the amount of light available to the objective lens 
Factors that affect microscope function: 
Resolving power, numerical aperture, magnification, working distance 
Resolving power: 
ability of a microscope to differentiate two ...
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MMBIO 221 Final Questions with Complete Solutions
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An interferon is Correct Answer-a protein released by virally infected human cells to trigger production of antivirals in neighboring cells 
 
These antibodies are commonly found in mucus and are the most abundant in our body Correct Answer-IgA antibodies 
 
These cells have many identical antibodies on their surface that recognize a particular antigen. When activated the cells differentiate and proliferate into memory cells as well as plasma cells, which secrete antibodies Correct Answer-B cell...
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MMBIO 221 - BYU Robison Questions with Complete Solutions
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What is a semiautonomous organelle? Correct Answer-organelle with DNA 
 
which two organelles are semiautonomous? Correct Answer-mitochondria & chloroplasts 
 
what is the endosymbiotic theory? Correct Answer-explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells 
 
what are terms associated with bacterial flagellum? Correct Answer-filament, hook, rod, and rings 
 
what type of cell has the most peptidoglycan? Correct Answer-Gram + 
 
what is the structural part of the cell wall w...
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MMBIO 221 Robison Final Questions with Complete Solutions
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MMBIO 221 Robison Final Questions with Complete Solutions
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