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Exam (elaborations) Chapter 7 - Essential Cell Biology Exam Questions and Answers Exam (elaborations) Chapter 8 Essential Cell Biology Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update Exam (elaborations) Chapter 20 Essential Cell Biology (little focus on cancer sections) Exam Questions with Correct Answers Exam (elaborations) Essential Cell Bio Chap

Central Dogma - ANSWER-Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein. What base is not present in RNA? - ANSWER-T In RNA what base pairs with a base A? - ANSWER-U An RNA molecule can fold into complex 3D shapes because - ANSWER-it is single stranded. All of the RNA in a cell is made by what process? - ANSWER-Transcription What determines the nucleotide sequence of an RNA strand? - ANSWER-Complementary base pairing with the DNA template during transcription. RNA polymeras...

Chapter 8 - ANSWER-Control of Gene Expression gene expression - ANSWER-A complex process by which cells selectively direct the synthesis of the many thousands of proteins and RNAs encoded in their genome Differentiation - ANSWER-process in which cells become specialized in structure and function. It is caused by different gene expression What percent of a cell usually expresses its genes? - ANSWER-About 50% out of all of its total repertoire. For a human, out of 21,000 protein coding ge...

B. extracellular matrix - ANSWER-Supportive tissues, such as bone or wood, derive their strength from: A. cells B. extracellular matrix C. cytoskeletal filaments C. turgor pressure - ANSWER-The driving force for plant cell growth is: A. excess sunlight B. extracellular signaling C. turgor pressure D. mitotic division B. Cellulose - ANSWER-What gives the plant cell wall its tensile strength? A. Starch B. Cellulose C. Actin D. Myosin A. Perpendicular to the orientation of the ...

A Germ cell contains - ANSWER-sperm and egg Germ cells are - ANSWER-diploid the gametes are - ANSWER-haploid (egg or sperm) germ cells (egg and sperm) combine to form? - ANSWER-zygote The zygote is haploid or diploid? - ANSWER-diploid materal and paternal homologs contain - ANSWER-same set of genes which chromosomes are different in maternal and paternal - ANSWER-the sex chromosomes Do somatic cells pass to next generation? - ANSWER-No Do germ cells pass to next generatio...

ions - ANSWER-atoms that gains electrons or lose electrons and become charged ionic bond - ANSWER-bond created from opposite charges; a salt and a non-salt bonded electrostatic attraction - ANSWER-attractive force between oppositely charged atoms, weak in water covalent bonds - ANSWER-electrons are shared between atoms bond strength - ANSWER-measurement of energy required to break a bond hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-electrical attraction between H atoms; these are weak, short term bond...

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process used to catabolize glucose. What does it mean for this process to be anaerobic? (a) no oxygen is required (b) no oxidation occurs (c) it takes place in the lysosome (d) glucose is broken down by the addition of electrons - ANSWER-A Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP? (a) the digestion of starch to glucose (b) glycolysis (c) the citric acid cycle (d) oxidative phos...

Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is false? - ANSWER-B ) Proteins to be delivered to the ER lumen are synthesized on smooth Er Which of the following statements about membrane-enclosed organelles is true? (a) In a typical cell, the area of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane far exceeds the area of plasma membrane. (b) The nucleus is the only organelle that is surrounded by a double membrane. (c) Other than the nucleus, most organelles are small and t...

What is a selective barrier? - ANSWER-Within a membrane, there are different concentrations of molecules than the outside of the membrane. What is an internal membrane? - ANSWER-A membrane on an organelle What is the diffusion across a barrier dependent on? - ANSWER-Size and solubility List the types of molecules from easiest to hardest to move across a membrane: - ANSWER-1. Small, nonpolar molecules 2. Small, uncharged polar molecules 3. Larger, uncharged polar molecules 4....

What two methods does proteins use to tell other proteins what they need? - ANSWER-Protein/protein interactions Protein/molecule interactions The Signal that cells receive are converted to a _________ ______. (like a cellphone) - ANSWER-cellular response Signaling Cascade Order - ANSWER-extracellular signal molecule => receptor protein => intracellular signaling molecules => effector proteins => target cell responses What are the three effector proteins and what effect do ...