PAPERSMASTER01

For N carbons that are closed shell, uncharged, no multiple bonds, no rings, there are ___________ binding sites - ANSWER2N + 2 Unit of unsaturation = - ANSWERnumber of rings + number of double bonds To find units of unsaturation in a formula: __________________ - ANSWERmax number of hydrogens possible = 2N + 2 subtract hydrogens we have from max number divide by 2 How to create a hydrocarbon equivalent: with monovalents (ex: P): with divalents (ex: O2): with trivalents (ex: O3): ...

E2 Reaction - ANSWEROne-Step with no intermediates, Base takes off proton + LG leaves with double bond formation. What type of carbons do E2 rxns favor? - ANSWERTertiary What is a Zaitsev product? - ANSWERDouble bond formation on more substituted carbon What is a Hoffman product? - ANSWERDouble bond formation on less substituted carbon When using a stericallly hindered base (t-BuOK, LDA), which product is more favorable? - ANSWERHoffman When using Eto- or less sterically hindered ...

H-X CCl4 - ANSWERADD STRONG ACIDS, -hydrohalogens - Mark w H-shift + cat. (X= Cl, Br, I) SYN+ANTI H2O H2SO4 - ANSWERADD WEAK ACIDS, -hydration -Mark SYN + ANI Cl2, Br2, I2 CCl4 - ANSWERADD X2 (Cl, Br, I), halogenation ANTI Cl2, Br2, I2 H2O / R-OH - ANSWERADD halogen and OH halohydrin ANTI 1) NCS, NBS, NIS 2) H2O / R-OH - ANSWERADD halogen and OH halohydrin ANTI H-OX/ R-OX (X=Cl, Br, I) - ANSWERADD halogen (X) and OH halohydrin ANTI 1) BH3 2) NaOH, H2...

Intermolecular forces - ANSWER- non bonding forces - found BETWEEN molecules - influence the energy physical properties of the substances Physical properties examples - ANSWERboiling point, melting point, solubility, color, odor, etc. T/F: stronger intermolecular forces correlate to a higher boiling point - ANSWERTrue Kinetic energy - ANSWER- provides the energy needed to overcome intermolecular forces What is kinetic energy associated with? - ANSWERThe random motion of particles...

/F according to the module, a compound with a molecular mass of 3,000 g/mol is considered a macromolecule - ANSWERfalse T/F biomolecules can have only two functional groups - ANSWERfalse T/F in a eukaryotic cell, the organelles called peroxisomes serve the purpose of digesting macromolecules - ANSWERfalse T/F carbon dioxide has a linear molecular shape AND has a bond angle of 120 - ANSWERfalse of the following, ______ is not a property of carbon A. forming ionic bonds B. forming cy...

Saturated hydrocarbons equation - ANSWERCnH(2n+2) Units of unsaturation equation - ANSWER[(2n+2)-(#H)-(#monovalent)+(#trivalent)]/2 Most significant resonance feature - ANSWERClosed shell > open shell Second most significant resonance feature - ANSWERUncharged > charged Third most significant resonance feature - ANSWERElectrons on electronegative atoms Least significant resonance feature - ANSWERAvoid same charges on adjacent atoms (+/+ and -/-) When are electrons delocal...

What is the difference in the properties of a solid, liquid, or gas reflect the strengths of the attractive forces between the molecules that make up each phase? - ANSWERintermolecular forces What are the examples of intermolecular forces? - ANSWERdispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces that act between ______ molecules. - ANSWERpolar Polar molecules have permanent dipoles. The positive end of one permanent dipole is attracted to the ...

atomic size trend on periodic table - ANSWERincreases to the left and down electronegativity trend on periodic table - ANSWERincreases up and to the right formal charge calculation - ANSWERFC= #V - #nbe - (1/2 * bonding) units of unsaturation calculation - ANSWER((2C + 2) - # of H - # of HAL - # of N)) /2 a ring has how many u.u - ANSWER1 double bond u.u - ANSWER1 triple bond - ANSWER2 u.u case one for resonance - ANSWERatom with nbe next to an open shell atom case two fo...

Chemistry Definition - ANSWERMatter, its properties, and its behavior. Filtration - ANSWERSolid substances are separated from liquids and solutions. Distillation - ANSWERUses differences in boiling points of substances to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components. Chromatography - ANSWERSeparates substances on basis of differences in solubility in a solvent. Temperature - ANSWERMeasure of average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample. Accuracy - ANSWERProximity of m...

electrophiles - ANSWERelectron seeking reagents that have room to accept a electron pair nucleophiles - ANSWERreagents seeking a nucleus to which to donate a pair of electrons proton transfer or protonation reaction - ANSWERthe transfer of a proton from one base to another transition state - ANSWERlying between the products and reactants free energy of activation (delta G double dagger) - ANSWERthe height of the barrier, the energy that the reactants attain in reaching the the transi...